順酐全名為順丁烯二酸酐，又稱為馬來酸酐，是一種有強烈刺激氣味的無色結晶粉末，于1834年由蘋果酸得到。早期，順丁烯二酸酐是通過苯的催化氧化制備，但為了降低成本，改用正丁烷氧化法制取。
Maleic anhydride, also known as maleic anhydride, is a colorless crystalline powder with a strong pungent odor, first obtained from malic acid in 1834. In the early days, maleic anhydride was prepared through the catalytic oxidation of benzene, but in order to reduce production costs, the method of n-butane oxidation was used to produce it.
順酐由苯經催化氧化或由丁烯或丁烷用空氣氧化而制得，溶于乙醇、乙醚和丙酮，難溶于石油醚和四氯化碳，與熱水作用而成馬來酸；
Maleic anhydride is obtained by catalytic oxidation of benzene or oxidation of butene or butane with air. It is soluble in ethanol, ether, and acetone, but insoluble in petroleum ether and carbon tetrachloride. It reacts with hot water to form maleic acid;
順酐的外觀是白色片狀結晶，有粉末狀、針狀、片狀、丸狀、棒狀、團塊狀或熔融物質，相對密度是1.480，熔點在52.8℃，沸點是202.2℃，閃點：110.0℃。
The appearance of maleic anhydride is a white crystalline flake, consisting of powder like, needle like, flake like, pellet like, rod like, agglomerate like or molten substances. The relative density is 1.480, the melting point is 52.8 ℃, the boiling point is 202.2 ℃, and the flash point is 110.0 ℃.
順酐的作用：用于雙烯合成、制藥物、農藥、染料中間體及制聚酯樹脂、醇酸樹脂、馬來酸等有機酸，也用作脂肪和油防腐劑等，不飽和聚酯樹脂、醇酸樹脂、長效碘胺的原料。也是涂料、馬來松香、聚馬來酐、順酐-苯乙烯共聚物的共聚單體，也是油墨助劑、造紙助劑、增塑劑、酒石酸、富馬酸、四氫呋喃等的有機化工原料。
The function of maleic anhydride: used in the synthesis of dienes, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, dye intermediates, as well as in the production of organic acids such as polyester resin, alkyd resin, maleic acid, etc. It is also used as a preservative for fats and oils, and as a raw material for the production of unsaturated polyester resin, alkyd resin, and long-acting iodoamine. It is also a comonomer of coatings, maleic rosin, polymaleic anhydride, and maleic anhydride styrene copolymers, and an organic chemical raw material for the production of ink additives, paper making additives, plasticizers, tartaric acid, fumaric acid, tetrahydrofuran, etc.
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