順酐，也被稱為氧代環戊烷，是一種無色液體，具有強烈的刺激性氣味。它是一種重要的有機合成原料，廣泛用于制造藥品、香料、染料和塑料等產品。然而，順酐同時也是一種危險物質，可能對人們的健康造成威脅。

Maleic anhydride, also known as oxocyclopentane, is a colorless liquid with a strong irritating odor. It is an important organic synthetic raw material widely used in the manufacturing of products such as pharmaceuticals, spices, dyes, and plastics. However, maleic anhydride is also a hazardous substance that may pose a threat to people's health.

順酐的主要危害在于其蒸氣和液體對皮膚、眼睛、呼吸系統和消化系統的刺激作用。接觸順酐可能引起皮膚和眼睛的刺痛、紅腫和灼傷，吸入高濃度的順酐蒸氣可能導致頭痛、暈眩、嗜睡、昏迷和呼吸困難。長期暴露于低濃度的順酐蒸氣中還可能導致鼻腔和喉嚨的慢性炎癥和感染，甚可能對肝臟、肺部和神經系統產生不可逆的損害。

The main harm of maleic anhydride lies in its steam and liquid irritating effects on the skin, eyes, respiratory system, and digestive system. Exposure to maleic anhydride may cause skin and eye irritation, redness, swelling, and burns. Inhaling high concentrations of maleic anhydride vapor may cause headaches, dizziness, drowsiness, coma, and difficulty breathing. Long term exposure to low concentrations of maleic anhydride vapor may also lead to chronic inflammation and infection of the nose and throat, and may even cause irreversible damage to the liver, lungs, and central nervous system.

因此，在使用順酐時，必須采取措施來保護自身的健康。，應當避免直接接觸順酐，如需要操作順酐時應佩戴適當的防護手套、護目鏡和呼吸面罩。其次，在順酐的存儲和使用過程中要注意防火防爆措施。由于順酐易燃，并且可以與許多物質發生反應，因此必須將其儲存在干燥、通風和避光的地方，并遠離火源和氧化劑。在使用過程中，也要避免將順酐與其他物質混合，以免產生危險反應。

Therefore, when using maleic anhydride, safety measures must be taken to protect one's own health. Firstly, direct contact with maleic anhydride should be avoided. If it is necessary to operate maleic anhydride, appropriate protective gloves, goggles, and respiratory masks should be worn. Secondly, fire and explosion prevention measures should be taken during the storage and use of maleic anhydride. Due to its flammability and ability to react with many substances, maleic anhydride must be stored in a dry, ventilated, and dark place, away from sources of fire and oxidants. During use, it is also important to avoid mixing maleic anhydride with other substances to avoid dangerous reactions.

如果不慎接觸了順酐，應立即采取適當的急救措施。對于皮膚和眼睛的接觸，應用大量清水沖洗，少持續15分鐘，必要時尋求醫療幫助；對于吸入順酐蒸氣引起的中毒，應將患者移空氣新鮮的地方，并在醫療幫助到達前盡快對其進行人工呼吸和其他急救措施。

If accidentally exposed to maleic anhydride, appropriate first aid measures should be taken immediately. For skin and eye contact, rinse with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, and seek medical help if necessary; For poisoning caused by inhaling maleic anhydride vapor, the patient should be moved to a place with fresh air and given artificial respiration and other emergency measures as soon as possible before medical assistance arrives.

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